This information made up one appendix in my IB Historical Investigation and is a summary of a
very important aspect of the war. Where did the sides of the conflict get get their weapons,
money and technical expertise. The list may not be, and probably is not, complete but it lists
a few sources. Also note that the list was drawn up for my own purposes, in my private notes, and
is shared here only in that form.
| Country |
Side |
Form |
Source |
Time |
| Belarus |
MPLA |
Armored personnel carriers |
HRW |
1993 - 1998 |
| Brazil |
MPLA |
Weapon sales, equipment |
HRW |
1993 - 1999 |
| Bulgaria |
MPLA |
Weapon sales, ammo |
Wright, HRW |
1993 - 1996 |
| China |
MPLA |
Small arms |
HRW |
1997 - 1998 |
| Czech Republic |
MPLA |
Ground attack aircraft |
HRW |
1998 |
| Denmark |
MPLA |
Transport of Polish goods on Dahish-registered vessels |
HRW |
1997 |
| DRC |
UNITA |
Trasport, troops, diamond sales |
Smestad |
|
| India |
MPLA |
Unspecified miliray equipment |
HRW |
1996 |
| Israel |
MPLA |
Maintenance (3) |
HRW |
|
| Israel |
UNITA |
Reconditioning of MiGs |
HRW |
1996 - 1997 |
| Kazakhstan |
MPLA |
Helicpoters and aircraft |
HRW |
1996 |
| Morocco |
MPLA |
Weapon sales |
Wright |
|
| Namibia |
UNITA |
Transport of South African goods |
Smestad, Wright |
1992 |
| North Korea (2)(3) |
MPLA |
Missiles |
HRW |
1998 - 1999 |
| Poland |
MPLA |
Weapon sales |
HRW |
1992 - 1998 |
| Portugal |
MPLA |
"Military supplies", training |
HRW |
1996 - 2000 |
| Romania (3) |
UNITA |
Unspecified weapon sales |
HRW |
|
| Russia |
MPLA |
"Military supplies" |
HRW |
1980 - 1999 |
| Serbia (3) |
UNITA |
maintenance |
HRW |
|
| Slovakia |
MPLA |
Oil-for-helicopters deal, fighter jets |
HRW |
1996 - 2001 |
| South Africa |
UNITA |
Supplies, troops, maintenace |
Smestad, Wright,HRW |
1992 - 1998 |
| Ukraine (2) |
UNITA |
Russian aircraft, tanks expertise |
HRW, Wright |
1998 - 1999 |
| Ukriane |
MPLA |
Helicporters, expertise (3), ammo |
HRW |
1995 - 1999 |
| US |
UNITA |
(1) |
Smestad, Wright |
1992 - 2000 |
| Zambia |
MPLA |
Official support |
Smestad |
1992 |
| Zimbabwe |
UNITA |
Transport of South African goods |
Smestad |
1992 |
| Zimbabwe |
MPLA |
Ammo and uniforms |
Smestad, HRW |
1998 |
Notes
(1) My own
Summary of Evidence mentions direct payments to UNITA before the
elections, moral support in the time span around the elections and the lending
of equipment to UNITA after the outbreak of war (specifically, satellite
communication system). Between 1992 and 2000, UNITA has been known to use
American Stinger rocket systems to fire at UN planes. This implies that the US
continued supplies to UNITA for a very long time. US have also been known to train
UNITA soldiers.
(2) This was suggested by Richard Cornwall of the Pretoria-based institute of
Security Studies, and supported by several ambassadors in Luanda.
(3) Unconfirmed.